In 2014, a mammal survey was conducted in an ecotone region (including páramo and temperate forest) on the Eastern Versant of the Andes in Carchi province, Ecuador. Sherman traps, Tomahawk traps, pitfall traps, and mist nets were used to collect mammal specimens at two sites (3,340 m elevation and 3,650 m levation). A total of 142 specimens representing 14 species were collected from the survey area. Species collected include: Didelphis pernigra, Microryzomys altissimus, M. minutus, Nephelomys albigularis, Neusticomys monticolus, Reithrodontomys mexicanus soderstromi, Thomasomys baeops, T. cinnameus, T. vulcani, T. ucucha, Sturnira bidens, S. erythromos, and Myotis keaysi. One additional species (Mazama rufina) was documented by a partial skull salvaged from the forest near the biological station. A comparison of the effects of elevation on Ecuadorian rodent diversity was conducted by examining previous collections from this region.

Sturnira is the most speciose genus of New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae). We name Sturnira adrianae, new species. This taxon is born polytypic, divided into a larger subspecies (S. a. adrianae) widespread in the mountains of northern and western Venezuela, and northern Colombia, and a smaller subspecies (S. a. caripana) endemic to the moun-tains of northeastern Venezuela. The new species inhabits evergreen, deciduous, and cloud forests at mainly medium (1000–2000 m) elevations. It has long been confused with S. ludovici, but it is more closely related to S. oporaphilum. It can be distinguished from other species of Sturnira by genetic data, and based on discrete and continuously varying char-acters. Within the genus, the new species belongs to a clade that also includes S. oporaphilum, S. ludovici, S. hondurensis, and S. burtonlimi. The larger new subspecies is the largest member of this clade. The two new subspecies are the most sexually dimorphic members of this clade. The smaller new subspecies is restricted to small mountain systems undergoing severe deforestation processes, therefore can be assigned to the Vulnerable (VU) conservation category of the Internation-al Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

El Murciélago de orejas redondas de Yasuní, Lophostoma yasuni, fue descrito en 2004 a partir del análisis morfológico del holotipo, el único espécimen colectado de ese taxón hasta la fecha. Se realizó un análisis molecular basado en citocromo-b y una nueva revisión morfológica que incluyó el holotipo de L. yasuni y dos especímenes de L. carrikeri recientemente colectados en las cercanías a la localidad tipo de L. yasuni. La nueva evidencia sitúa a L. yasuni dentro del clado de L. carrikeri. Proponemos que L. yasuni sea considerado un sinónimo de L. carrikeri. Se presenta una diagnosis corregida para L. carrikeri que amplía los rangos de las medidas cráneo-dentales reportadas para esta especie.

Quimsacocha National Recreation Area is located on the western slope of the Andes in Azuay Province, southern Ecuador. All sampling locations were in the high paramo and high Andean forests (3,572 to 3,865 m). The habitats in clude paramo, bogs, riparian, patches of elfin forests, and secondary cloud forest. We set Sherman, pitfall, and camera traps (3,600 trap nights), and mist nets to collect 117 specimens. Eight species were collected, including Caenolestes caniventer Anthony 1921; Didelphis pernigra J.A. Allen, 1900; Cryptotis montivagus (Anthony, 1921); Akodon mollis Thomas, 1894; Microryzomys altissimus (Osgood, 1933), Phyllotis haggardi Thomas, 1908; Sigmodon inopinatus Anthony, 1924; and Sylvilagus andinus (Thomas, 1897). Two additional species Coendou rufescens (Gray, 1865) and Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780) were documented photographically. This is the first survey that saved voucher specimens for mammals of Quimsacocha.

Mormoops megalophylla is a cave-dwelling bat distributed from southern United States across Central America to northern Peru. Its con¬servation status at a global level is of Least Concern, according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species; in Ecuador, however, it is included under the Vulnerable category due to the threats faced by the only two viable populations known. Individuals from each locality (Carchi and Pichincha) were captured and marked. The D-loop of the mitochondrial control region was obtained from wing membrane tissue samples, in order to analyze the geographic distribution of nucleotide and haplotype diversity of the populations, as well as gene flow between them. The molecular variation within and between populations was evaluated through a molecular variance analysis. A high haplotype diversity and a low nucleotide diversity were observed. The gene-flow estimator revealed that Carchi and Pichincha make up a single population coming from a single lineage. The network of haplotypes indicated that those with the highest frequency are shared in both localities; the largest number of unique haplotypes, however, was observed in Pichincha. The high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity values in Ecuador are due to the fact that the ghost-faced bat populations may have experienced a fast-growing period from a low effective population size, with sufficient time to accumulate haplotype diversity, but insufficient to increase nucleotide diversity. The low genetic variability between both lo¬calities indicates the existence of a panmictic population that may have been split by factors such as habitat transformation, leading to isolated colonies. The preservation of this vulnerable species will depend on conservation efforts and studies that seek to supplement the analysis of genetic variability with other molecular markers, a continued monitoring of migratory processes, and inventorying of intermediate sites and localities with historical records.

Herein we present a geographical review to the genus Glyphonycteris in Ecuador. We confirm the first record for G. sylvestris for the country, which extends its range about 680 km southwest of the nearest previously known record. This first record belongs to an individual captured inSangay National Park, Morona Santiago province, eastern slopes of the Andes. We also review the records of G. daviesi deposited in scientific collections and mentioned in literature, report a new record from west of the Andes, and present a distribution map.

The Stripe-headed Round-eared bat, Tona_a saurophila, includes three subspecies: Tona_a saurophila saurophila (known only from subfossil rec saurophila bakeri (distributed from southeastern Mexico to northern Colombia, Venezuela west and north of the Cordillera de Mérida, and northwest saurophila maresi (distributed in Venezuela east and south of the Cordillera de Mérida, the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago, northeastern Brazil, and alon in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia). The last two subspecies are an a_rac_ve example to test predic_ons about the historical role of the Andes in m Based on morphological descrip_ons, morphometric analyses, and phylogene_c reconstruc_on using the mitochondrial gene Cyt-b and the nucle evaluates the intraspecific rela_onships within Tona_a saurophila and the taxonomic status of the taxon. The three subspecies of T. saurophila are reTona_a bakeri, Tona_a maresi, and Tona_a saurophila. The la_er is restricted to its type locality and possibly is ex_nct. Tona_a bakeri, in addi_on to be morphologically dis_nguishable by possessing an acute apex at the posterior edge of the skull, a well-developed clinoid process, and rela_vely robust by lacking a diastema between the canine and the first lower premolar. The gene_c distance between T. bakeri and T. maresi is 7.65%.